Figure in lumber—patterns like curl, birdseye, quilted, fiddleback, or burl—is one of the most fascinating and sought-after characteristics in woodworking. Unlike standard grain patterns, figure is caused by irregularities in how a tree grows and develops over time.
Curly or fiddleback figure forms when the wood fibers grow in a wavy, undulating pattern rather than running straight through the tree. When the lumber is sawn, light reflects differently across those waves, creating the shimmering “chatoyance” effect that makes figured wood appear almost three-dimensional. This type of figure is common in species like maple, walnut, koa, and mahogany, though the exact cause is still debated. Stress from wind, terrain, genetics, or environmental conditions may all play a role.
Birdseye figure is even more mysterious. It appears as small swirling “eyes” scattered throughout the wood, most commonly in hard maple. Many experts believe birdseye occurs when dormant buds in the tree fail to fully develop, causing distortions in the grain around those growth points. Others suggest it may be linked to environmental stress or genetic mutations. Whatever the cause, true birdseye figure is relatively rare and highly prized.
Other figured patterns develop in different ways:
- Burl forms when a tree experiences injury, disease, or stress, causing chaotic grain growth.
- Quilted figure appears as a rippling, pillowy pattern often found in maple.
- Spalting is caused by fungal activity creating dark lines and color variation in the wood.
Because figured lumber grows unpredictably and yields are low, these boards are often more expensive and highly valued for fine furniture, guitars, cabinetry, turning blanks, and statement pieces. Every figured board is unique, which is part of what makes working with natural wood so special.
Looking for figures woods? We carry a wide variety of figured lumber in store such as Curly and Birdseye Maple, Curly Black Walnut and at times we are able to bring in Curly White Oak, Curly Purple Heart and Quilted Maple.
